DURBAN, South Africa, Sept. 4 (JTA) As the U.N. World Conference Against Racism lurches toward a conclusion, shell-shocked Jewish officials are lashing out at the parties they hold responsible for the virulent anti- Semitic and anti-Israel attacks here.
The Palestinians and the Arab world would be an obvious target for the Israel-bashing, except that the only surprising thing about their well-orchestrated propaganda campaign was its scope and intensity.
Rather, Jewish politicians and activists are venting their anger at the United Nations, governments, human rights groups and thousands of nongovernmental organizations perceived as complicit in the anti-Israel attacks, either by their support or by their silence.
The incidents are too numerous to count, activists say.
On the grounds of the U.N. conference itself, the Arab Lawyers Union distributed pamphlets filled with grotesque caricatures of hook-nosed Jews depicted as Nazis, spearing Palestinian children, dripping blood from their fangs, with missiles bulging from their eyes or with pots of money nearby. Attempts to have the group’s U.N. accreditation revoked were refused.
Under the tent where the final NGO declaration was approved over the weekend a document that indicts Israel as a “racist, apartheid state” guilty of genocide and ethnic cleansing fliers were found with a photo of Hitler and the following question: “What if Hitler had won? There would be no Israel, and no Palestinian bloodshed.”
In a Palestinian-led march with thousands of participants, a placard was held aloft that read “Hitler Should Have Finished the Job.” Nearby, someone was selling the most notorious of anti-Jewish tracts, “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion.”
Many participants have sought to explain away such incidents as political speech or the work of “extremists.”
In fact, there has been a confluence of factors, Jewish observers say.
Among them:
Many delegates who are ignorant or naive about the Middle East have been bombarded with extreme demonization of Israel and the Jews.
An anti-America, anti-globalization animus from the Third World fueled by a speech from Cuban President Fidel Castro and the perceived U.S. refusal to discuss reparations for slavery may have been projected onto Israel as America’s ally.
The ambitions of U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson, who may need to curry favor with the Arab world if she hopes to replace Kofi Annan as U.N. secretary-general.
The ease and convenience of scapegoating a tiny minority 13 million Jews for many of the world’s ills.
Throughout the conference’s first week, Jews complained of being constantly under threat and attack, verbally if not physically.
After a day in which she felt under siege as a Jew and defender of Israel, one activist burst into tears while singing Hatikvah, Israel’s national anthem, at a Shabbat dinner hosted by Durban’s Jewish community.
A Dutch delegate said she was stunned by the atmosphere.
“My father survived the Holocaust and my mother was hidden, so when I see these cartoons I see what was going on in 1930s Germany,” said Hadassa Hirschfeld, the adjunct director of the Hague-based Center Information and Documentation Israel.
“No one’s speaking out for us against the hate. I’m so sick of it. It’s all covered up, that it’s ‘against Israel,’ ” Hirschfeld said. “But this is against the Jews. And if they don’t speak out, then the world is silent again.”
The U.S. delegation did its talking with its feet, walking out Monday when it appeared that the official governmental declaration would single out Israel for criticism. The Israeli delegation followed suit, walking out Monday as well.
The Jewish caucus announced its official withdrawal on Tuesday, although some activists indicated they would remain as unofficial observers.
The U.S. protest might torpedo the entire conference. On Tuesday, there were rumors that other Western countries were considering withdrawing.
In a press conference Tuesday, Robinson, the former president of Ireland, defended herself against the suggestion that she could be blamed if the conference collapses.
“I have been distressed and disturbed by the vitriolic words and inappropriate content in the NGO document,” Robinson said.
As a result, she said, she was unable to recommend the entire document to the governmental delegates, only passages of it. Especially “unacceptable,” she said, were accusations that Israel was guilty of “genocide.”
Nevertheless, she reiterated that she believes reference must be made in the final declaration to “the suffering of the Palestinian people.”
Jewish activists remained skeptical.
Surely, Robinson and other organizers knew what was coming down the pike, the activists said, and could have intervened. Likewise, they said, international human rights groups could have worked to defuse the crisis before it hit Durban.
Nobel Prize winner Elie Wiesel was invited to Durban to speak, and initially accepted before reading the draft declarations. He withdrew and said Tuesday that the United Nations would now be associated with “shame.”
“I do not believe I can dialogue with hatred,” Wiesel said, answering critics who believed the United States should have stayed at the conference and debated the controversial language. “Hatred stops dialogue, and there was so much hatred there that I got frightened.”
Instead, a group like Amnesty International may have fanned the flames by accusing Israel of war crimes in its response to the past year of Palestinian violence.
An Amnesty press release handed out during the NGO conference cited several examples of racism and human rights abuses around the world, but mentioned only Israel by name.
In a press conference Monday that tried to refocus attention on the conference’s ostensible anti-racist aim, Irene Khan, secretary general of Amnesty International, allowed that “there are very serious human rights issues in the Middle East. If we name one country, we should name them all.”
Still, she said, “I think it’s time to move ahead.”
That response was too little, too late for Felice Gaer, a human rights expert for the American Jewish Committee.
“The human rights movement above all is about speaking out,” Gaer said. “The tepid, after-the-fact remarks about the unquestionable hate-filled language and spreading of hate propaganda is an extraordinary disappointment.”
For the Jewish delegates, who arrived from some two dozen countries and represent roughly two dozen different Jewish NGOs, their only sanctuary has been the Durban Jewish Club.
The palatial, pale yellow club, a British Colonial style-structure built in 1931, is where the Jewish caucus gathers each day for briefings and strategy meetings. They are also treated to lunch and dinner, courtesy of the Durban Jewish community.
But instead of pursuing the wide-ranging agenda they intended, Jewish activists spent the entire time on their heels, defending themselves and Israel.
The Israeli delegation also set up shop at the club for the few days it was in Durban, as it is manned by Durban police and has metal detectors.
It’s a different story on the conference grounds.
Jewish activists speculate that the Palestinians, presumably funded by the Arab world, spent millions to prepare for the conference. Activists say they saw workers unloading huge cartons of posters, banners and free T-shirts bearing slogans such as “Israel Is an Apartheid State” and “Zionism Is Racism.”
The Palestinians also handed out thousands of free kaffiyeh scarves in Palestinian national colors, which many participants happily draped around their necks.
One blond woman, a Bosnian from war-ravaged Sarajevo, was spotted wearing the scarf like a bandana.
“The Israelis should give it up, and the Palestinians should have their own state; they’ve lived there so long,” said 29-year-old Ira, who works for an international refugee organization. “Look at all the NGOs here from around the world, and nobody’s supporting Israel except for the Jewish group. I’m just wondering how come Jews aren’t questioning themselves.”
As for the NGOs themselves, one troubling fact hasn’t been lost on the Jewish delegates.
NGO-types generally are among the most liberal and enlightened folks in their societies, fighting for the rights of the oppressed, the afflicted, the downtrodden.
But there was an irony and a whiff of moral bankruptcy when Fidel Castro addressed an adoring, ostensibly pro-human rights crowd: They roared at his anti-Western harangue, but seemed to ignore Castro’s own repression of domestic dissent.
With “liberals” like these, some wondered, what was the potential for these NGO delegates to return home and further spread anti-Israel, anti-Jewish hatred?
( JTA Correspondent Matthew E. Berger in New York contributed to this report.)
SOME OFFER ISRAEL QUIET SUPPORT AT DURBAN CONFERENCE
It may have been muted, but there was a trickle of support for Israel to be found at the World Conference Against Racism in Durban.
After the Jewish caucus stormed out of the Saturday meeting that formally labelled Israel racist and apartheid, a Nigerian delegate was seen approaching a Jewish activist to offer her words of encouragement.
“I study history, and I know that was the Jewish homeland,” Annie Davies, executive director of the Lagos-based Development Information Network, told JTA.
“The world has a tendency to take sides with the weaker party, but it’s not like the Palestinians were sitting in the corner, minding their own business,” said Davies, who added she had refused to sign a petition of support for the Palestinians. “They’re taunting and provoking Israel, and looking for trouble.”
Unfortunately, such voices remained quiet.
“What you have here is the paradox of an anti-racism conference that is itself racist,” said Rep. Tom Lantos (D-Calif.), the top Democrat in the American delegation.
The only Holocaust survivor in Congress and a co-founder of its human rights caucus, Lantos said several delegates had expressed their disgust with the proceedings.
However, “many don’t have the guts or backbone to say publicly what they’re saying to me privately,” Lantos said. “I’m not naming names, but it would be a long list, including many Europeans. They say there’s a price to be paid for telling it like it is, and they’re afraid to pay it.”
Lord Janner, a member of the British Parliament and head of the World Jewish Congress delegation, also had harsh criticism.
“This is the nastiest and most chaotic conference I’ve experienced in my long life of public service; it is disgraceful, and a slur against the Jewish people,” Janner told JTA.
With media reports from here overwhelmingly focused on Israel at the expense of scores of worthy causes, many NGO folks are grumbling that the Arab world is going too far.
Publicly, the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, a multicultural coalition of American groups, called for “civility.”
“We operate from the position that no country deserves to be singled out for particular criticism in contrast with all others,” LCCR Executive Director Wade Henderson told JTA. “At the same time, no country should be exempt from full review of its civil and human rights policy. That applies not only to Israel, but with equal force to all the countries of the Middle East.”
Some media also have tried to get past the rhetoric.
A German journalist, Thomas Knemeyer of Die Welt newspaper, pointed to a Jewish caucus new conference last week that was cut short when Arab activists disrupted it.
“Six million dead and you’re holding the world hostage!” one Iranian woman reportedly yelled.
“That’s when the bullshit ends, the camouflage is lifted,” Knemeyer said. “That’s when you see it’s not about Israel, but about the Jews.”
In general, the media have compounded the problem.
They report on the preoccupation with the Middle East at face value, rarely probing into whether the daily incidents during the NGO conference were spontaneous or part of a coordinated strategy.
When a Jewish student delegation singing “Give Peace a Chance” and handing out flowers was confronted by an Arab group chanting slogans and sparring verbally, several Western media outlets termed the incident a “war of words” with no trace of irony.
Photographers and journalists also flocked to a pair of Jewish curiosities here: the anti-Zionist Israeli author Uri Davis, who is here peddling copies of his book, “Israel: An Apartheid State,” and a trio of rabbis from the Neturei Karta, an anti-Zionist fringe sect.
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