On July 18, 1994, Paola Czyzewski was at the AMIA Jewish community center when terrorists bombed it, killing the 21-year-old law student and 84 other people. Ten years later, the Czyzewski family — like most of the victims’ relatives — did not come to an Argentine federal courthouse Thursday to hear that the only people accused so far in the attack — locals accused as accessories — had been acquitted.
“We had dinner at home. The atmosphere was tense,” Luis Czyzewski, Paola’s father, told JTA. “I received the news badly. We somehow expected a conviction.”
The Argentine Jewish community was planning a demonstration against the acquittals for Wednesday in Buenos Aires. All of the local Jewish groups, some of which have been at odds over strategies to find those responsible for the attack, are sponsoring the rally.
Ten years after the worst terrorist attack in Argentina’s history and the biggest anti-Semitic attack since ! World War II, no one has been brought to justice — and there isn’t even any tangible proof about how the building was bombed.
The court record will be officially presented only on Oct. 29. In some parts of it that were made available after the verdict was announced, the judges declared that a van was used to bomb the building, but the way the investigation was carried out made it impossible to find the defendants guilty.
The three federal court judges decided unanimously not only to let the defendants go free, but also to investigate politicians, legislators, judges, prosecutors and lawyers for allegedly derailing the investigation.
Ruben Beraja, former leader of the Jewish community’s DAIA political umbrella group, and DAIA’s lawyer, Marta Nercellas, are among those to be investigated.
Former Argentine Vice President Carlos Alvarez, former Internal Affairs Minister Carlos Corach, investigative judge Juan Jose Galeano — who was in charge of the case for nin! e and a half years — and prosecutors, intelligence service leaders an d legislators who formed a special commission to investigate the AMIA bombing and a previous 1992 attack on the Israeli embassy also will be investigated.
Luis Czyzewski said he was surprised that the court “seemed to have forgotten former President Carlos Menem,” whom many have accused of derailing the investigation to protect the state security services or even Iran. Menem has denied the accusations.
Members of the Jewish community were devastated by the acquittal.
“This is the consecration of impunity. It’s a judiciary regression. It’s the evidence of impunity of state terrorism,” said Laura Ginsberg, a member of a relatives’ group called Apemia.
The president of AMIA, Abraham Kaul, left the courtroom by a side door to avoid the media.
“The fact that a democratic country cannot find justice for such an attack is something of strong concern,” Kaul told JTA.
“We feel very bad. We will study how to appeal the sentence,” the DAIA’s acting president, Jorge! Kirszenbaum, told JTA.
Members of the DAIA appeared bitter to learn that the group’s lawyer will now be investigated.
Not all Jews saw the outcome similarly, however.
“I feel angry, but I think the verdict is fair. The whole process was so compromised,” Adriana Reisfeld, a member of a group called Memoria Activa that has demonstrated in front of the courthouse every week for the past decade, told JTA.
In a court balcony, a dozen or so journalists shared files with relatives of four police officers who were among the defendants. Their happiness at the acquittal contrasted with the anguish showed by two Jewish grandmothers.
“I wouldn’t be able to stand this if I hadn’t taken sedative pills,” Eugenia Szejer said.
After the verdict, former AMIA employee Enrique Lubinsky thanked AMIA’s lawyer, Juan Jose Avila, for his efforts. It was seen as a condolence.
Sergio Widder, the Latin American representative of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, said the verdict! “is for Jews the confirmation of Argentine society’s failure to find justice.”
“The way the investigation was done made it impossible to find the truth, and that’s a shame for Argentina,” he said.
To Baruj Zaidenknop, executive director of Ort Argentina, “the feeling is of absolute frustration. What confidence can we have in this country, in Argentine institutions? What are the guidelines for Argentine Jews?”
Eliahu Toker, a Jewish writer and poet, told JTA that the verdict is not in itself anti-Semitic but that “it affects Argentina, it shows the lack of justice, the muddy way things are done in this country.”
President Nestor Kirchner’s government had said before the verdict that it was ready to support investigations against former government and judiciary leaders to find the reasons for the investigation’s failure. Government sources said Kirchner hoped such a step would save his international image.
La Nacion newspaper posted an online quiz to find out if readers agreed with the sentence. By early Friday, 72.67 percent ! of respondents said they disagreed with the acquittal, and 88 percent believed justice would never be done.
On Sept. 2, Familiares de las Victims, another group of victims’ relatives, decided it would attempt to take the case to an international court — though they haven’t decided where.
The Anti-Defamation League also issued a statement calling on the Argentine government to fully investigate the attack and prosecute those responsible.
“We continue to be frustrated that the perpetrators of the heinous attack have not been brought to justice,” the group said in a statement.
The American Jewish Committee, which hosted Kirchner at the group’s annual dinner in May, also said the decision should prompt the Argentine government to redouble its efforts to do justice.
“The world is watching and waiting for justice to be served at last,” the AJCommittee said in a statement.
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The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practices of the time they were published.
