As airplanes rev their engines in the distance, the rabbi from Kansas City stands on the balcony of his airport hotel room holding a Torah scroll in his arms, and welcoming his latest convert to Judaism. Rabbi Jacques Cukierkorn is on a mission to convert people to Judaism in Spain, the land of the Roman Catholic Inquisition where untold numbers of people have some Jewish ancestry.
But the Reform rabbi’s efforts aren’t exactly appreciated in Madrid, where the active Jewish population numbers about 5,000 and all but one of the synagogues are Orthodox.
“We can’t be like the Catholics and think that with a drop of water you’ve become Jewish,” says Jacobo Israel Garzon, president of Madrid’s Jewish community.
Cukierkorn’s latest series of ceremonies was conducted during a layover at Madrid’s Barajas International Airport following correspondence courses with the candidates that take at least one year to complete.
In total, Cukierkorn has converted 20 Spaniards to Judaism — most of them in Madrid, where there is no Reform temple.
He also has performed dozens of conversions in Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador and the United States, and has written a guide to Judaism to help potential Spanish-speaking converts.
“There’s nothing I can do as a rabbi that is more transcendent than conversions. This has a future impact on Judaism,” Cukierkorn told JTA in an interview in the café of the airport hotel.
Cukierkorn is rabbi of the New Reform Temple in Kansas City. He says he has a long interest in “lost” Sephardic Jews that may stem from his own personal history: Born in Brazil, some of his ancestors were Spanish Jews who immigrated to Poland.
Most converts find him via his Web page. He says he performs conversions only in locations where there is no Reform rabbi.
In interviews for this story, the converts asked to be identified only by their adopted Hebrew names, citing widespread anti-Semitism in Spain.
Ariel, a civil servant from Madrid, traced his family’s roots back to Jews who were forced to convert during a pogrom in 1391 in the northeastern Spanish city of Lerida.
He began reading books about Judaism and studied Hebrew in college. But after his two sons were born, he said, he “realized I had to recuperate my Jewish heritage for their sake.”
Ariel was circumcised by a urologist friend, and he then had his sons, aged 4 and 5, circumcised as well.
He approached the Jewish community about formal conversion, but says their demands “basically meant having an Orthodox rabbi in my kitchen, and I couldn’t demand that of my wife. After all, she did not marry an Orthodox Jew.
“The Internet was my only option,” he adds.
Several weeks ago, Ariel and his entire family underwent a conversion ceremony led by Cukierkorn.
Another recent convert was Yakov, a clinical psychologist who flew in from Spain’s Canary Islands for his ceremony in Madrid. The Canary Islands are a major European resort off the coast of Africa, and only have a smattering of Jews, mostly senior citizens from the British Isles.
Asked why he wanted to become Jewish, Yakov embarks into a lengthy discourse on philosophy and identity, citing Karl Jung, Martin Buber and other thinkers.
“I had been searching for something that was already inside me,” he says.
But when he approached the official Jewish community in Madrid, he wasn’t encouraged to convert, he says. So he, too, found Cukierkorn’s home page on the Internet.
Cukierkorn claims Jewish communities in Spain are turning away a great number of people who could be a benefit to Judaism.
“These people are drowning in a sea of indifference,” he says.
A Conservative leader in Spain disagrees.
“We are not leaving anybody by the wayside,” says Felipe Crasny, president of Bet El, Madrid’s only Conservative synagogue, which is affiliated with the worldwide Masorti movement.
Bet El, which has about 60 member families, has no rabbi, but Crasny said several people are taking conversion classes with the congregation’s spiritual director, Mario Stofenmacher, and probably will end up converting abroad.
Israel Garzon, the Jewish community president, also denies Cukierkorn’s allegation. He says the community accepts “sincere” converts, and about a dozen people become Jewish every year in Madrid. They take classes in Spain, but must go to Israel for the final ceremony performed by the Orthodox Chief Rabbinate of Israel.
Jews started trickling back to Spain in the 19th century after the Inquisition was finally abolished. But the community started to grow only after the establishment of the State of Israel, when Sephardic Jews from neighboring Morocco — many of them descendants of Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 — moved back to Spain fleeing anti-Jewish sentiment.
Jewish immigrants in recent years have come from Latin America, and they have tended to be largely Conservative, Reform or non-practicing.
Israel Garzon has sought to open up Madrid’s Jewish community to them — and one of his policies has been to propose a fast-track conversion finalization process for people who already have become Jewish under Reform or Conservative procedures.
Israel Garzon concedes that there’s nothing he can do to keep outsiders like Cukierkorn from conducting conversions in Spain.
“But what bothers me is that he leaves people with the feeling that they’ve converted, and then they’re surprised when they’re not accepted by everyone,” Israel Garzon says.
He notes that his own wife is a convert, “and it took her years and years” to undergo the conversion.
For his part, Cukierkorn sees what he’s doing as a divine mission.
“God has guided me this way,” he says.
The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practices of the time they were published.
