A late-night visit from a refugee rabbi during World War II convinced a Portuguese official to save Jews from Hitler. Rabbi Haim Kruger, a refugee in France, and Aristides de Sousa Mendes, Portugal’s consul general in Bordeaux, “spoke all through the night about the problems of the war,” Sebastiao de Sousa Mendes, the consul’s son, told JTA recently. “In the morning, my father decided that it was time to save rather than ignore the refugees.”
So Aristides de Sousa Mendes issued visas to endangered Jews against the orders of the Portuguese dictator, Antonio Salazar.
He took the risk because he would “rather be with God against men than with men against God,” Sousa Mendes is reported to have said.
That risk saved 30,000 Jewish lives, but it cost Sousa Mendes his job. He died in 1954 in a Lisbon poorhouse.
In honor of 50 years since his death, Sousa Mendes’ legacy is being honored for a week starting Thursday, 64 years to the! day since he started his rescue mission on June 17, 1940. The special interfaith initiative is being led by the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation.
Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat based in Hungary, saved about 100,000 Jews during the Holocaust. Both Wallenberg and Sousa Mendes are recognized as Righteous Gentiles by the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial in Jerusalem.
“We Jewish people have to have a balance between complaining about what we suffered and celebrating the people who helped us,” said Baruch Tenembaum, founder of the Wallenberg Foundation in New York.
When there is shade, there is also light, Tenembaum says, and Sousa Mendes was one ray of light in the darkness of the Holocaust.
Organizers of the interfaith initiative contacted churches and synagogues around the world to request that special services be held beginning June 17.
As part of the events, the 50th Anniversary Sousa Mendes Medal will be given to Father Bernard Jacques Riviere of Bord! eaux for preserving Sousa Mendes’ memory through his radio program and articles.
Recipients of the International Sousa Mendes Righteous Award will be announced at ceremonies in Rome and New York, officials said.
Without Sousa Mendes’ visas, which he distributed as the Nazis were advancing on the south of France, thousands of Jews “wouldn’t have made it,” said Isaac Bitton, whose aunt Esther managed the Jewish soup kitchen in Portugal that Sousa Mendes frequented in his later years.
“The people he saved were flabbergasted, amazed and grateful,” said Sousa Mendes’ youngest son, John Paul Abranches, who lives in California.
As a child in Portugal, Abranches met and spoke with people his father saved. As an adult, he has met other survivors at memorial events for his father.
Abranches said the gratitude will be reflected back during the week’s events.
“For the first time you will see cardinals all over the world celebrate in mass to remember somebody who devoted and gave his life to save Jewish people,” Tenembaum said.
Rabbis! in Jerusalem, New York, Brazil, Argentina, Portugal, Montreal, Poland and France will hold synagogue services honoring Sousa Mendes.
Masses in his honor will be held in New York, the Vatican, France, Canada, Brazil, South Africa, Poland, East Timor, Cape Verde and elsewhere, according to the Wallenberg Foundation.
Tenembaum said he admires Sousa Mendes’ righteousness and says it’s necessary to spread recognition of his actions.
“It’s not just that we remember them, we are motivating others to remember them,” he said. “It’s a chain of goodwill.”
The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practices of the time they were published.
