A defining moment in the life of Max Fisher, the son of immigrant parents who became a Jewish icon, came in a meeting with President Eisenhower in 1965. As head of the United Jewish Appeal at the time, Fisher met the past president to ask him to address the UJA on the 20th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps. But during that meeting, he learned he would change history.
Eisenhower told Fisher he regretted forcing Israel out of the Sinai when he was president during the 1956 Arab-Israeli War.
“Max, if I had a Jewish adviser working for me, I doubt I would have handled the situation the same way,” Eisenhower is quoted as saying in Fisher’s biography, “Quiet Diplomat,” written by Peter Golden.
“That’s the day that Max figured out what he was going to do. He wanted to be that adviser,” Golden told JTA in a phone interview.
Fisher, a man about whom superlatives are routinely used when observers try to describe his power and leadership in the American Jewish community, died in his home in Detroit on Thursday. He was 96.
Mere hours after his death, e-mail messages made the rounds to major Jewish organizations and activists to alert them of the death of a man who not only led many major Jewish organizations but also exercised enormous political power, personally advising every Republican president since Eisenhower.
“I dubbed him the dean of the community, and he certainly was until his last day,” said Malcolm Hoenlein, executive vice chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations.
Howard Rieger, president and chief executive officer of the United Jewish Communities, called Fisher a “quintessential Jewish leader and visionary who dominated American Jewish philanthropy for half a century.” Fisher had been honorary chair of the UJC.
In the world of Jewish volunteer leaders, Max Fisher was a “giant” Rieger said.
Fisher was born in Pittsburgh on July 15, 1908, the son of Russian immigrants. The family soon moved to Salem, Ohio, where Max was one of few Jews growing up.
He attended Ohio State University on a football scholarship — he was a linebacker.
He earned his wealth in oil and real estate. Last year, Forbes valued his fortune at $775 million. The magazine ranked him at 383 on its list of the 400 richest people in America — he was also the oldest.
Those close to him speak in mythic terms of Fisher’s humility and his great ability to mentor and lead communities — essentially, to speak softly and carry a big stick.
“He was the ultimate leader,” said Robert Aronson, CEO of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit, where Fisher served several years as president.
“The fact that he taught people that the most important thing you could do, no matter how wealthy or influential you were, was to give back to your community. That was his spiritual belief.”
Noting that “people listened to Max,” Aronson said, “I would call him the 800-pound gorilla of the Jewish world. There won’t be another one like him.”
More recently, Fisher also helped finance the Detroit Symphony Orchestra’s Max M. Fisher Music Center, known as “The Max.”
But Jewish philanthropy was his main charitable mission.
While much of the Jewish community was still struggling to emerge from the shadow of an immigrant culture, and still often was excluded from elite society, Fisher already had made it.
None other than the son of Henry Ford, known for his anti-Semitic beliefs, became one of Fisher’s best friends — and eventually a major contributor to Detroit’s Jewish federation, said Joel Tauber, a Detroit resident and friend of Fisher’s for 40 years.
“He was the leading Jew in North America,” said Tauber, noting that his friend stood at the helm of the Jewish Agency for Israel, the United Jewish Appeal and the United Israel Appeal.
Still feeling raw in the aftermath of the Holocaust and the storms surrounding Israel’s creation, Tauber said, he, Fisher and others were hungry to rush to Israel’s aid.
“When anything involved Israel or the safety of Jews, we were like fire horses. We heard the bell, and we ran.”
Matthew Brooks, the executive director of the Republican Jewish Coalition, which Fisher founded in 1985, said, “The reason we are here today and the success we are seeing has a direct lineage to the vision he saw many decades ago.
“When he gave advice, people knew not only that the advice was correct, but there were no other hidden agendas,” he said, noting that Fisher never took an ambassadorship or other government perk.
Those who had the chance to work with him revered his loyalty, his access and his personal philosophy — patience and persistence.
For example, when Tauber chaired the rocky merger of the Council of Jewish Federations and the United Jewish Appeal, Fisher stood by him when others attempted to derail it, he said.
“He’s just very tenacious,” Tauber said.
Former Secretary of State George Shultz said he met with Fisher frequently, and worked with him to help organize a “soft landing” for Israel’s inflated economy in the 1980s.
“Every pore of him was constructive,” Shultz told JTA. “He could criticize things but was always looking for something positive, to make it better.”
Shultz remembered Fisher leading a delegation of 100 American entrepreneurs to Israel, to consider buying Israeli products and locating plants in the country.
“Max could always get an audience because everyone respected him so much,” Shultz said. “You didn’t think of him as a guy who was lobbying for you, you thought of him as a guy who was helping you.”
Fisher always made his agenda clear and at the same time he made room for those who could further it.
Shoshana Cardin of Baltimore is a veteran Jewish leader whose politics usually were Democratic.
Still, Fisher would invite Cardin to State Department dinners because he thought she could help advance their common cause.
Like others this week, Cardin marveled at Fisher’s dedication and access, noting that he would often call presidents, who took his call immediately.
Yet Cardin also noted that she was surprised to learn from his assistant that when Fisher, a very well-liked man, was in Israel for business often he ate dinner by himself in his hotel room. He didn’t get very many dinner invitations, she was told. So she invited him to join a group of friends one night, and he joined them, with pleasure.
Cardin could only surmise that others were intimidated by Fisher, or assumed he always would be busy with loftier engagements.
In his absence, the Jewish community will experience the loss of a colossal mentor and father figure, she said.
There isn’t any other senior adviser who is as respected as Fisher by so many people, both in the United States and in Israel, she said. If someone had a problem, he or she ” could go to Max, and Max could help straighten it out.
“There is no Max who can do that now. There is no one who could take his place,” Cardin said.
Howard Kohr, executive director of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, said Fisher was the consummate networker, always making sure people got in touch with the people he thought they should know.
“If you look over the history of the U.S.-Israel relationship, it’s hard to find a single private individual who had a greater role on behalf of the State of Israel than Max,” Kohr said.
Former Secretary of State James Baker called Fisher an “extraordinary friend” who was a major force in the Republican Party.
“Back in the day when Max started, there were not a lot of prominent Jews supporting the Republican Party,” Baker said. “And he built it up really darn good.”
Fisher was “plugged in,” Baker said. American presidents and secretaries of state wanted to talk to him because he was talking to the Israeli players, and Israeli prime ministers worked with him because he was speaking with the American leaders.
The relationships were also personal. When Fisher fell and broke his hip a year ago, he received phone calls from three presidents — Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush.
When Fisher entered a room, the head table became wherever he sat, said Rabbi Israel Singer, chairman of the World Jewish Congress.
“He spoke very softly,” said Singer, one of Ford’s campaign advisers. “They had to lean over to hear what he was saying, but it resonated.”
Singer described Fisher as “supra-organizational” and a “born chairman.”
“Most guys push their way to the front,” he said. But not Max Fisher. Instead, “the front came to him.”
(JTA Washington Correspondent Matthew E. Berger in Washington contributed to this report.)
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The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practices of the time they were published.
