CLUJ, Romania, Dec. 5 (JTA) — A name and date in a yellowing ledger. An inscription on a crumbling tombstone. A birth certificate. A walk along a dusty street in an Eastern European village. A faded family photograph. Sometimes a newly discovered relative.
These are rich prizes for tens of thousands of Jews worldwide who dedicate time, energy, and sometimes considerable amounts of money, to researching and documenting their family history.
Interest among Jews in tracing their roots emerged in the late 1970s, but it has been in the decade since the collapse of communism that Jewish genealogy has come into its own.
For the first time since before the Holocaust, the fall of the Iron Curtain opened up ancestral Eastern and Central European Jewish homelands to travel and research.
Conditions are still difficult in some places, but people now can physically walk in the footsteps of their ancestors, as well as consult local documents such as birth, marriage, death and census records that were long kept off-limits to outsiders.
At the same time, the growth of the Internet opened up vast new resources, enabling roots-seekers to tap into ever-expanding databases and keep in touch via e-mail with fellow researchers and contacts in Eastern Europe, including newfound family.
“The number of people doing genealogy has grown enormously in the past decade,” says Sallyann Amdur Sack, editor of Avotaynu, the International Review of Jewish Genealogy, now in its 15th year of publication. “Absolute numbers are hard to get, but certainly it is at least double, but probably closer to triple.”
Last August, for example, more than 1,200 people, the biggest crowd ever, attended the 19th Annual Conference on Jewish Genealogy in New York — and dozens more were turned away for lack of space.
In 1990, there were 39 Jewish genealogy societies worldwide.
Today there are 75, with 8,000 registered members. They represent only a fraction of Jews who are interested in tracing their roots, however — some 30,000 people alone are registered with a “family finder” service on the leading Jewish genealogy Web site, www.JewishGen.org.
This interest has made Jewish genealogy a growth industry, with an ever-increasing number of books and other publications, special-interest groups, computer databases, Web sites, homepages and forums, software programs, conferences, lectures, workshops and information exchanges devoted to Jewish family history.
There is also an increasing number of individual professional genealogists and professional genealogical services specializing in tracing Jewish family trees, researching Jewish family roots, translating Yiddish documents, and leading Jews on trips to their ancestral towns.
“I got involved when people started to contact me by e-mail asking me to check information, to do some research,” said Ladislau Gyemant, a Jewish and European history professor at Babes Bolyai University in Cluj, Romania, who carries out professional genealogical work in Romania and Hungary.
“They found out it was possible to obtain the information they needed, and the number of requests increased,” he said. “Finally I was contacted by the Jewish genealogy group specializing on Romania, and I am constantly in touch with them.”
Jewish genealogist Miriam Weiner has been a major force in the movement. She negotiated agreements with post-Communist Polish and Ukrainian state archives to allow American Jews on-site access to genealogical data.
A former private detective, Weiner began researching her own family history more than two decades ago. She got so involved that she became the first certified Jewish genealogist — and turned her personal interest into a business.
Her home base in New Jersey is crammed with books, publications, maps, foreign phone directories, old photographs and postcards and other material about Eastern Europe. She lectures and writes a syndicated column, and has written and published comprehensive books on Jewish genealogical resources in Poland, Ukraine and Moldova.
Weiner regularly travels to Ukraine, Belarus, Poland and Moldova to carry out research for clients and also takes individuals or groups on research trips. In 1990, she organized the first Jewish genealogy tour to Poland that was officially sanctioned by the Polish State Archives and other state authorities.
“Most people who travel to their ancestral towns want to experience a walk in the footsteps of their ancestors,” Weiner says. “They want to see what remains of the old life: original buildings, Jewish sites — cemeteries, synagogues, Holocaust memorials, etc.”
For those who can’t make the trip, Weiner brings back copies of documents as well as photographs, souvenirs and videotapes of the ancestral town.
Sometimes, too, she puts American clients in touch with long-lost kin. This happens very rarely in Poland, where few Jews remain, but, she says, it is not uncommon in countries of the former Soviet Union.
“Often, I share their tears and pass on their hugs to my clients,” she said. “There are hundreds of thousands of Jews in the former U.S.S.R. In more cases than we can imagine, their ancestors are ‘cousins’ of our ancestors who came to the U.S.”
Today’s Jewish genealogy phenomenon is part of a general boom. Last spring Time magazine ran a cover story on the genealogy craze, noting that millions of people of all ethnic backgrounds are looking for their roots.
This is related to an burgeoning sense of ethnic identity and awareness in recent years. “Roots” — the book by Alex Haley and the resulting TV miniseries in the late 1970s — played a major role, for example, in showing that genealogy was not the exclusive property of WASPs.
When “Finding Our Fathers” by Dan Rottenberg, the first “how-to” book on Jewish genealogy, was published in 1977, it represented the first time that many Jews learned that it was possible to trace their family heritage, too — despite the ravages of the Holocaust and the anonymity of earlier mass immigration.
“Two major upheavals have characterized Jewish life of the past two centuries: massive emigration and the Holocaust,” said Sallyann Amdur Sack. “Both have provided significant impetus for the growing interest in tracing one’s roots. Most Jews do not live where their families lived 150 years ago. Ties, knowledge, rootedness — all have been torn, especially by the events of the Holocaust.
“There is no question that the Holocaust is a major reason why so many of us want to trace our roots,” she said. “We have noted a sense of belonging to a long chain of history, one which Hitler came close to severing. In part, genealogical research represents a driven need to deny Hitler a victory.
“He may have annihilated a huge part of our extended families, but we cannot permit them to pass unnoticed into oblivion in unmarked graves and heaps of ashes — as if they had never existed in the first place.”
Jewish genealogical research in the post-Communist period, with its vast and ever-growing networks of databases and dense maps of family connections, may have new, practical implications, too, that go far beyond personal family history.
Jewish genealogists, their research and resources have become active in efforts both to redeem Holocaust-era insurance policies and recover Holocaust-era assets.
In September, Avotaynu, Inc. — the publisher of Avotaynu magazine — formed a partnership with two other companies, Risk International Services, an insurance archeology and claim recovery firm, and Ancestry.com, a genealogy company, to help Holocaust survivors and heirs recover family assets.
Their Living Heirs Project stems from a database of 29,000 names of individuals with unclaimed or confiscated Holocaust-era Jewish assets posted to the Avotaynu Web site.
The project’s goals are to use genealogy research to help identify ancestors with documented assets, to document and value confiscated assets, and to document heirship by developing family trees that demonstrate kinship.
“As the ‘help desk’ for the project, I have received countless inquiries of all varieties,” wrote Sack in Avotaynu. A woman in Canada “wanted to know why none of what she called ‘the major Jewish organizations’ have done this.
“Maybe the answer is that organized Jewish genealogy now is MAJOR.”
For more information, see the Web sites www.JewishGen.org, www.avotaynu.com. Miriam Weiner’s Web site is www.rtrfoundation.org
The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practices of the time they were published.
