The approaching Passover holiday provided an appropriate backdrop for the Israeli interior minister’s mission to Ethiopia, where he reviewed the situation of thousands who seek an exodus to Israel.
Natan Sharansky said he empathizes with the suffering of the 18,000 Ethiopians who have amassed at dusty transit camps, and he promised to streamline the process of applying for immigration to Israel.
But the minister made clear he could not promise that all of the country’s estimated 26,000 Falash Mura — descendants of Ethiopian Jews who converted to Christianity — would be found eligible.
“To see the suffering up close is a difficult experience that is impossible to be indifferent to,” said Sharansky, who spent nine years in Soviet prisons for trying to help Jews make aliyah.
At the same time, the interior minister said he does not intend to announce a mass immigration of the Falash Mura without a careful review of applicants’ eligibility to immigrate under the Law of Return, under which any person with one Jewish parent or grandparent is entitled to make aliyah, or under the Law of Entry, which provides for family reunification.
Sharansky this week visited compounds in the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa and in the northern city of Gondar, where thousands of Ethiopians who left their homes hoping to move to Israel live in crowded camps. Some of them have waited for years to receive answers to their immigration requests.
At the compound in Addis Ababa on Monday, some of the Ethiopians sang Israel’s national anthem and baked matzot to show Sharansky what they had learned about Judaism since leaving their villages.
Some 18,000 Falash Mura are living in squalid conditions near compounds in Addis Ababa and Gondar operated by the North American Conference on Ethiopian Jewry, an organization that has been pushing Israel to speed up the application process.
Prior to Sharansky’s trip, two Israeli legislators returned from Ethiopia and warned that the Falash Mura are facing hunger and disease. Zevulun Orlev and Yuri Shtern also warned that a drought is approaching the areas where the Falash Mura are waiting.
Sharansky noted the dire conditions in the compounds and lauded humanitarian aid provided at the sites by such organizations as the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee.
At the same time, he said, the criteria for determining immigration eligibility cannot be altered.
“On the one hand we have a humanitarian problem, where we must ease the suffering of people,” he said. “On the other hand, the Law of Return, as the basis for the state of Israel as the ingathering of exiles cannot be different for America, Russia, Morocco and Ethiopia.”
On Tuesday, Sharansky promised to streamline the review process by:
Allowing requests for immigration to be submitted in Ethiopia itself, in order to shorten examination procedures and make them more efficient. Until now, the only way for Falash Mura to apply for aliyah has been through a relative in Israel.
Increasing staff dealing with the requests at Israel’s Interior Ministry. The ministry has until now had only one staff member handling all of the applications coming from Ethiopia.
“Even for those who are ineligible, we must give them a speedy response. There cannot be a situation where people sit here for years and do not get an answer,” Sharansky said.
In a conference call Tuesday to leaders of the United Jewish Communities meeting in Washington, Sharansky would not specify how much money is needed from American Jews to help the process of resettlement. But he did call it a responsibility of not only Israel, but of world Jewry.
Misha Galperin of the UJA-Federation of New York was the only representative of American Jewry on Sharanksy’s trip.
“I was very encouraged by the decisions made,” Galperin said. “The situation is very complex, but the Law of Return will be adhered to.”
He added that humanitarian issues will have to be dealt with separately.
Galperin also raised the issue of another player in the drama: the government of Ethiopia.
“The Ethiopian government is not going to be happy to see a flood of people leaving, especially at a time of severe famine,” he said.
Unlike the 14,000 Ethiopian Jews who were brought to Israel in the early 1990s under Operation Solomon, there is a lack of consensus about the status of the Falash Mura.
Proving the Jewish lineage of Falash Mura is a difficult task and one of the reasons the process has been drawn out.
Some Ethiopian activists have claimed the lengthy process is due to racial discrimination in Israel against the Ethiopian community.
In Jerusalem, Ethiopian activists cautiously welcomed Sharansky’s trip, saying they now were waiting to see the outcome.
“This is the first time that a minister goes there and visits the people,” said Yafet Alemu, of the Southwing to Zion group.
“Up until now, he did nothing on the issue of this problem, even though we tried to explain the situation to him. Now, after he goes and sees the people, and prayed with them, I hope he hears them.”
(JTA staff writer Julie Wiener in Washington contributed to this report.)
The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practices of the time they were published.
